The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI), and particularly of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, into human interactions raises significant ethical and social concerns across a broad spectrum of human activity. Therefore, it is important to use AI responsibly and ethically and to be critical of the information it generates. This book – the first comprehensive work to provide a structured framework for AI governance – focuses specifically on the regulatory challenges of LLMs like ChatGPT. It presents an extensive framework for understanding AI regulation, addressing its societal and ethical impacts, and exploring potential policy directions. Through 11 meticulously researched chapters, the book examines AI’s historical development, industry applications, socio-ethical concerns, and legal challenges. Advocating for a human-centric, risk-based regulatory approach, emphasising transparency, public participation, and ongoing monitoring, the book covers such aspects of AI and its governance as the following: ‒    a comprehensive overview of the history and mechanics of AI; ‒    widespread public misconceptions surrounding ChatGPT; ‒    ethical considerations (e.g., misinformation, accountability, and transparency); ‒    societal implications (e.g., job displacement, critical thinking, and malicious use); ‒    privacy concerns; ‒    intellectual property challenges; ‒    healthcare application dilemmas; ‒    interplay between LLMs and finance, and ‒    cross-border regulatory challenges. Throughout, the author identifies significant gaps in existing legal frameworks and explores potential policy directions to bridge these gaps. The book offers invaluable insights and recommendations for policymakers, legal experts, academics, students, technologists, and anyone interested in AI governance. It underscores the need for a collaborative effort and meaningful dialogue among industry leaders, academia, and civil society worldwide to promote responsible and ethical development and use of AI for the benefit of humanity.