TY - BOOK N2 - Lack of enforcement of a particular legal system puts into question its actual relevance. In the case of intellectual property, the significance of enforcement has been expressed in many different ways. Sometimes delicate metaphors - "without effective enforcement, IPRs are nothing but empty shells"1 - have been made, and on other occasions the relevance of enforcement has been conveyed in a more descriptive fashion. For instance, "the value of intellectual property rights depends in practice on whether the holder can take effective measures to prevent others from infringing them,"2 or "without effective remedies for the enforcement of these rights, the rights are worthless."3 It is in this context that the relevance of intellectual property litigation must be assessed. Judicial adjudication and enforcement transforms substantive protection into reality and, equally important, places intellectual property norms in connection with the norms integrating the broader legal framework to which they belong. AB - Lack of enforcement of a particular legal system puts into question its actual relevance. In the case of intellectual property, the significance of enforcement has been expressed in many different ways. Sometimes delicate metaphors - "without effective enforcement, IPRs are nothing but empty shells"1 - have been made, and on other occasions the relevance of enforcement has been conveyed in a more descriptive fashion. For instance, "the value of intellectual property rights depends in practice on whether the holder can take effective measures to prevent others from infringing them,"2 or "without effective remedies for the enforcement of these rights, the rights are worthless."3 It is in this context that the relevance of intellectual property litigation must be assessed. Judicial adjudication and enforcement transforms substantive protection into reality and, equally important, places intellectual property norms in connection with the norms integrating the broader legal framework to which they belong. T1 - Specialised Intellectual Property Courts- Issues and Challenges. AU - De Werra, Jacques, LA - eng ID - 49424 KW - Intellectual property. KW - International law TI - Specialised Intellectual Property Courts- Issues and Challenges. LK - https://www.ceipi.edu/websites/ceipi/Documents/Publications_CEIPI___ICTSD/CEIPI_ICTSD_N__2.pdf UR - https://www.ceipi.edu/websites/ceipi/Documents/Publications_CEIPI___ICTSD/CEIPI_ICTSD_N__2.pdf ER -