Readme.txt

Present database created on: 15th May 2013

WIPO-BD (release 1.0) contains 12 raw data files in STATA 12 format (.dta) and .csv.


Please refer to the following publication for the full description of the database:
Miguelez, Ernest, and Fink, Carsten,(2013) “Measuring the international mobility of inventors: a new database” WIPO Economic Research Working Paper No. 8.

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File 1 - "1. Bilateral flows" Bilateral migration corridors, annual data

File 2 - "2. Bilateral flows Public sector" Bilateral migration corridors, public research and university sectors, annual data

File 3 - "3. Bilateral flows Individual patentees" Bilateral migration corridors, individual patentees, annual data

File 4 - "4. Bilateral flows Corporate sector" Bilateral migration corridors, corporate sector, annual data

File 5 - "5. Bilateral flows Electrical engineering sector" Bilateral migration corridors, Electrical engineering technological sector, annual data

File 6 - "6. Bilateral flows Instruments sector" Bilateral migration corridors, Instruments engineering technological sector, annual data

File 7 - "7. Bilateral flows Chemistry sector" Bilateral migration corridors,  Chemistry technological sector, annual data

File 8 - "8. Bilateral flows Mechanical engineering sector" Bilateral migration corridors,  Electrical engineering technological sector, annual data

File 9 - "9. Bilateral flows Other fields" Bilateral migration corridors, Other technological fields, annual data

(note 1: the observations where the origin and destination country/territory coincides corresponds to the number of inventors nationals of a given country residing in their own country of origin)
(note 2: the resulting values of adding up files 2 through 4 are lower than the values of file 1, due to some patents for which the type of applicant cannot be identified)
(note 3: the resulting values of adding up files 5 through 9 are larger than the values of file 1, due to the possibility of patents belonging to two or more different technological sectors)


File 10 - "10. Emigration rates 1991-2000" Emigration rates of inventors by country of origin, time window 1991-2000 (diaspora/(residents+diaspora))

File 11 - "11. Emigration rates 2001-2010" Emigration rates of inventors by country of origin, time window 2001-2010 (diaspora/(residents+diaspora))

File 12 - "12. List of countries or territories, and classifications"

File 13 - "13. Stocks of nationals, immigrants, residents, emigrants.dta"


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List of variables in WIPO-BD (release 1.0):
 
iso2_ori	"Country/territory of birth/origin of the inventors" ISO 2-alpha country/area codes. See STATA Table 21 for the list of countries/territories included

iso2_des	"Country/territory of current residence of the migrant inventors"  ISO 2-alpha country/area codes. See STATA Table 21 for the list of countries/territories included

prio_year	"Priority year"	Priority year refers to the first year of the patent application in any patent office

flow		"Flows of inventors" Number of inventors' names, by patent number, with residence (iso2_des) and nationality (iso2_ori), per year

iso_alpha2_code "ISO 2-alpha country/area codes" 2-digit country/area codes

residents10_91_00 "Number of inventors per country 1991-2000" Number of resident inventors' names, by patent number, by country, 10-year time window 1991-2000

diaspora10_91_00 "Diaspora size, per country 1991-2000" Number of non-resident inventors' names, by patent number, by country, 10-year time window 1991-2000

em_rate10_91_00	"Emigration rate for 5-year time windows" 1995's EM_RATE5 includes data from 1991 to 1995; 2010's EM_RATE5 includes data from 2006 to 2010. 

residents10_01_10 "Number of inventors per country 2001-2010" Number of resident inventors' names, by patent number, by country, 10-year time window 2001-2010

diaspora10_01_10 "Diaspora size, per country 2001-2010" Number of non-resident inventors' names, by patent number, by country, 10-year time window 2001-2010

em_rate10_01_10	"Emigration rate for 10-year time windows" 1995's EM_RATE10 includes data from 1986 to 1995; 2010's EM_RATE10 includes data from 2001 to 2010.

iso_alpha3_code	"ISO 3-alpha country/area codes" 3-digit country/area codes

territory_name	"Official name of the country/territory"

region		"World region to which the country/territory belongs to"

continent	"Continent to which the country/territory belongs to"

income		"Income level to which the country/territory belongs to, World Bank classification 2012"

oecd		"OECD membership 2012: yes/no" 


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File 13
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iso_alpha2_code "ISO 2-alpha country/area codes" 2-digit country/area codes

prio_year	"Priority year"	Priority year refers to the first year of the patent application in any patent office

nationals	"Number of national inventors per country and year" Number of national & resident inventors' names, by patent number, by country and year

immigrants	"Number of immigrant inventors per country and year" Number of immigrant inventors' names, by patent number, by country and year

residents	"Number of resident inventors per country and year" Number of resident inventors' names (nationals+immigrants), by patent number, by country and year

emigrants	"Number of emigrant inventors per country and year" Number of emigrant inventors' names, by patent number, by country and year


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ADDITIONAL REMARKS/PARTICULARITIES

YUGOSLAVIA
- "Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)" includes all the data from the former Yugoslavian Republics until 1990 and 1991.
- From 1990, Croatia, Slovenia and FYR of Macedonia are not included anymore under Yugoslavia.
- From 1991, Bosnia and Herzegovina is not included anymore under Yugoslavia.
- From 1991, "Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)" only includes Serbia and Montenegro.
- Data for (Croatia, Slovenia and FYR of Macedonia) are only available from 1991, and data for (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are only available from 1992
- From 2006 onwards, data for Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) is missing.
- Data for Serbia and for Montenegro separately are only available from 2006

GERMANY
- From 1978 to 1989, Germany (DE) includes only Western Germany, and from 1990, the whole Germany (West and East).
- From 1990 onwards, data for East German (DD) are missing.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA
- Data for Czechoslovakia are missing after 1992
- Data for Slovakia are missing before 1993
- Data for the Czech Republic are missing before 1993

SOVIET UNION
- Data for the Soviet Union are missing after 1991
- Data for the former Soviet Republics are missing before 1991

ERITREA
- Data for the Eritrea are missing before 1993

SOUTH SUDAN
- Data for South SUdan are missing before 2011
*Sudan takes the values of both countries before 2011

CURACAO
- Data for Curacao are missing before 2010

SINT MARTEEN DUCTH
- Data for Sint Marteen are missing before 2010

BONAIRE
- Data for Bonaire are missing before 2010

SAINT BARTHELEMY
- Data for Saint Barthelemy are missing before 2007

SAINT MARTIN FRENCH
- Data for Saint Martin are missing before 2007

GUERNSEY
- Data for Guernsey are missing before 2004

JERSEY
- Data for Jersey are missing before 2004

ALAND ISLANDS
- Data for Aland Islands are missing before 2003

PALESTINA
- Data for Palestina are missing before 1999

MARSHALL ISLANDS
- Data for Marshall Islands are missing before 1991

MICRONESIA
- Data for Micronesia are missing before 1991

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
- Data for Northern Mariana Islands are missing before 1991

PALAU
- Data for Palau are missing before 1991

YEMEN
- Data for Yemen are missing before 1990
*Yemeni unification (north plus South Yemen) took place on May 1990

ARUBA
- Data for Aruba are missing before 1986