000048909 000__ 03896cam\a22004455i\4500 000048909 001__ 48909 000048909 003__ SzGeWIPO 000048909 005__ 20240322214744.0 000048909 006__ m eo d 000048909 007__ cr bn |||m|||a 000048909 008__ 240321s2006\\\\nyu\\\\\o\\\\\000\0\eng\d 000048909 035__ $$a(OCoLC)1427545392 000048909 040__ $$aSzGeWIPO$$beng$$erda$$cSzGeWIPO$$dCaBNVSL 000048909 041__ $$aeng 000048909 24500 $$aTowards a Horizontal Standard for Limiting Intellectual Property Rights? :$$bWTO Panel Reports Shed Light on the Three-Step Test in Copyright Law and Related Tests in Patent and Trademark Law. 000048909 264_1 $$a[Rochester, NY] :$$bSSRN-Elsevier,$$c2006. 000048909 300__ $$a1 online resource 000048909 336__ $$atext$$2rdacontent 000048909 337__ $$acomputer$$2rdamedia 000048909 338__ $$aonline resource$$bcr$$2rdacarrier 000048909 4901_ $$aInternational Review of Intellectual Property Law & Competition Law ;$$vVolume 37, Issue 4 000048909 5200_ $$aOn March 17, 2000, a WTO panel presented its report on patent protection of pharmaceutical products in Canada. Three months later, on June 15, 2000, another WTO panel tabled a report on Section 110(5) of the US Copyright Act. Twin reports concerning EC protection of trademarks and geographical indications for agricultural products and foodstuffs followed on March 15, 2005. In all these reports, the panels embarked on a detailed interpretative analysis of provisions which set forth abstract criteria for limiting intellectual property rights. The origin of this family of corresponding provisions can be traced back to the so-called “three-step test” laid down in Art. 9(2) BC. After its introduction at the 1967 Stockholm Conference for the Revision of the Berne Convention, the three-step test not only has become widespread in copyright law but also entered other fields – in more or less identical shape. The propelling force bringing about the gradual interspersion of international intellectual property law with the three-step test was the 1994 TRIPs Agreement. Derivatives of Art. 9(2) BC can be found in Arts. 13, 17, 26(2) and 30 TRIPs. The three-step test is a flexible, open provision offering much room for interpretation. As the titles of the aforementioned reports indicate, WTO panels conducted an interpretative analysis of the three-step test in copyright law and related tests in patent and trademark law. They applied Arts. 13, 17 and 30 TRIPs. The decisions give rise to the question whether the application of the test in different areas points towards an emerging horizontal standard for limiting intellectual property rights. Accordingly, the present article seeks to assess the extent to which common principles can be derived from the panel reports. Before turning to the comparative analysis, a short description of the facts of the WTO dispute settlement cases, and an introduction to Arts. 13, 17 and 30 TRIPs will be given in the following sections I. and II. Subsequently, the approaches taken by the different WTO panels will be compared in respect of each criterion of the tests in section III. Concluding remarks will be made in section IV. 000048909 588__ $$aCrossref 000048909 590__ $$aPublished online: 12-Dec2010 000048909 650_0 $$aTrade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) 000048909 650_0 $$aIntellectual property$$xLaw and legislation. 000048909 650_0 $$aCopyright$$xLaw and legislation. 000048909 650_0 $$aPatents$$xLaw and legislation. 000048909 650_0 $$aTrademarks$$xLaw and legislation. 000048909 650_0 $$aCopyright. 000048909 650_0 $$aTrademarks. 000048909 650_0 $$aPatents. 000048909 650_0 $$aIntellectual property. 000048909 7001_ $$aSenftleben, Martin,$$eauthor. 000048909 7731_ $$tInternational Review of Intellectual Property Law & Competition Law 000048909 7731_ $$wIIC 000048909 830_0 $$aInternational Review of Intellectual Property Law & Competition Law ;$$vIIC 2023, 37(4), 407-438 000048909 85641 $$uhttps://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1723871$$yonline version 000048909 904__ $$aArticle 000048909 980__ $$aIIC