@article{48821,
      recid = {48821},
      author = {Miyamoto, Tomoko,},
      title = {International treaties and patent law harmonization :  today and beyond.},
      pages = {1 online resource (Chapter 2, pp. 27-54).},
      abstract = {The history of the international development of patent law  shows that harmonization per se has never been an end in  itself. Patent law harmonization has always been a tool to  respond to challenges that requires international  solutions. This chapter reviews the historical development  of harmonization of patent law from the perspective of what  is codified in the international agreements, and what has  been left out for countries to use their flexibilities in  fine-tuning their legislation. Beyond the international  treaties concluded in the auspices of WIPO and WTO, this  chapter also illustrates unilateral and bilateral  initiatives that have facilitated international  harmonization of patent law. Recently, cooperation among  patent offices is more oriented to practical measures that  do not involve normative changes, but assist applicants to  obtain patent protection in multiple jurisdictions and  improve the quality and efficiency of the operation of  patent offices.},
      url = {http://tind.wipo.int/record/48821},
}