TY - GEN N2 - It is a great honor to have a special issue of Industrial and Corporate Change dedicated to The Power of Modularity Today: 20 Years of “Design Rules.” In this retrospective article, I will give some background on how Design Rules, Volume 1: The Power of Modularity came to be written and list what I believe were its major contributions. I go on to describe the book’s shortcomings and gaps, which prevented the widespread adoption of the tools and methods the book proposed. I then explain how the perception of the gaps influenced my thinking in Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations. AB - It is a great honor to have a special issue of Industrial and Corporate Change dedicated to The Power of Modularity Today: 20 Years of “Design Rules.” In this retrospective article, I will give some background on how Design Rules, Volume 1: The Power of Modularity came to be written and list what I believe were its major contributions. I go on to describe the book’s shortcomings and gaps, which prevented the widespread adoption of the tools and methods the book proposed. I then explain how the perception of the gaps influenced my thinking in Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations. T1 - Design rules :past and future. AU - Baldwin, Carliss Y., JF - Industrial and Corporate Change, VL - Volume 32, Issue 1 LA - eng ID - 48578 KW - Technological innovation. KW - Intellectual property. KW - Design protection. KW - Copyright. TI - Design rules :past and future. LK - https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtac055 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtac055 ER -