TY  - BOOK
AB  - We provide quantitative evidence from museum collections about how copyright status affects the availability of digital images of artworks. The paper applies a regression discontinuity and differences-in-differences design to estimate online availability of artworks from U.S. collections on digital platforms. We find a strong increase in the availability of digital surrogates when copyright is perceived to expire and original artworks are likely to transition to the public domain. Moreover, artworks and surrogates made available see a large number of downstream reuses based on google image search data, which indicates online availability is of commercial and public value independent of right status. Notably, we show that upstream surrogates of public domain artworks made available by museums are positively correlated with higher image resolution quality as compared to digitized artworks still protected under copyright laws. At the same time, it seems expressed industry norms can help encourage U.S. museums to also make low-resolution surrogates of copyrighted artworks available.
AU  - Cuntz, Alexander.
AU  - Heald, Paul J.,
AU  - Sahli, Matthias,
DO  - 10.34667/tind.48512
DO  - doi
ID  - 48512
KW  - Public domain
KW  - Intellectual Property.
KW  - Copyright.
KW  - Artworks.
KW  - Digitization.
KW  - Creative industries.
KW  - Paintings.
KW  - Images.
KW  - Museum.
KW  - Intellectual property.
L1  - https://tind.wipo.int/record/48512/files/wipo-pub-econstat-wp-75-en-digitization-and-availability-of-artworks-in-online-museum-collections.pdf
L2  - https://tind.wipo.int/record/48512/files/wipo-pub-econstat-wp-75-en-digitization-and-availability-of-artworks-in-online-museum-collections.pdf
L4  - https://tind.wipo.int/record/48512/files/wipo-pub-econstat-wp-75-en-digitization-and-availability-of-artworks-in-online-museum-collections.pdf
LA  - eng
LK  - https://tind.wipo.int/record/48512/files/wipo-pub-econstat-wp-75-en-digitization-and-availability-of-artworks-in-online-museum-collections.pdf
N2  - We provide quantitative evidence from museum collections about how copyright status affects the availability of digital images of artworks. The paper applies a regression discontinuity and differences-in-differences design to estimate online availability of artworks from U.S. collections on digital platforms. We find a strong increase in the availability of digital surrogates when copyright is perceived to expire and original artworks are likely to transition to the public domain. Moreover, artworks and surrogates made available see a large number of downstream reuses based on google image search data, which indicates online availability is of commercial and public value independent of right status. Notably, we show that upstream surrogates of public domain artworks made available by museums are positively correlated with higher image resolution quality as compared to digitized artworks still protected under copyright laws. At the same time, it seems expressed industry norms can help encourage U.S. museums to also make low-resolution surrogates of copyrighted artworks available.
T1  - Digitization and availability of artworks in online museum collections :Economic Research Working Paper No. 75/2023.
TI  - Digitization and availability of artworks in online museum collections :Economic Research Working Paper No. 75/2023.
UR  - https://tind.wipo.int/record/48512/files/wipo-pub-econstat-wp-75-en-digitization-and-availability-of-artworks-in-online-museum-collections.pdf
VL  - No. 75/2023
ER  -