@article{48202,
      author = {Bekkers, Rudi N.A., and Tur, Elena M., and Henkel,  Joachim, and van der Vorst, Tommy, and Driesse, Menno, and  Jorge, Contreras,},
      url = {http://tind.wipo.int/record/48202},
      title = {Overcoming inefficiencies of patent licensing : A method  to assess patent’s essentiality for technical standards.},
      abstract = {The market for patent licenses is of highest importance  for technological innovation, yet riddled with  inefficiencies. A particular problem in the context of  technical standards such as LTE is a lack of information  regarding which patents are 'essential’ to implement the  standard. This information is crucial because it simplifies  the determination of infringement and implies specific,  'FRAND’ licensing rules. However, while many  standards-developing organisations stipulate that such  patents be explicitly declared, little is known about which  of these are actually essential. The absence of publicly  available information on essentiality has significant  social costs due to frictions it causes in the licensing  market. Responding to calls from industry, courts, and  policy makers, several commercial and a few academic  studies have attempted such assessments, but each has  limitations. This paper reports on the technical  feasibility of a system of expert assessments for patent  essentiality. In an experiment, based on a factorial  design, twenty-eight experts, including many patent  examiners, performed 109 assessments, spending a total of  over 100 working days. Comparing their outcomes to a  high-quality reference point, we conclude that sufficiently  accurate assessments, at a price level that allows large  scale testing, are certainly technically feasible, and  identify routes to further improvement},
      recid = {48202},
      pages = {1 online resource},
}