000042071 000__ 02322cam\a22002535i\4500 000042071 001__ 42071 000042071 003__ SzGeWIPO 000042071 005__ 20240708145858.0 000042071 008__ 200625s2013\\\\sz\\\\\\r\\\\\000\0\eng\d 000042071 040__ $$aSzGeWIPO$$beng$$erda 000042071 041__ $$aeng 000042071 1001_ $$aHo, Cynthia M. 000042071 24503 $$aDrugged Out :$$bHow Cognitive Bias Hurts Drug Innovation 000042071 264_1 $$a[San Diego, California] :$$bUniversity of San Diego,$$c2020. 000042071 300__ $$a90 pages 000042071 336__ $$atext$$btxt$$2rdacontent 000042071 337__ $$aunmediated$$bn$$2rdamedia 000042071 338__ $$avolume$$bnc$$2rdacarrier 000042071 520__ $$aIn recent years, legal scholars have begun to identify and evaluate how the cognitive biases held by all individuals impact law and policy. Thus far, however, scholars have not recognized the existence or impact of biases that impact pharmaceutical innovation and patent policy. This Article fills that gap at a key juncture. Currently, the industry mostly produces drugs that do not provide significant clinical benefits over existing drugs. Further, even the number of new drugs produced every year is modest compared with exponentially increasing pharmaceutical expenditures. This Article shows that there are significant cognitive biases that play a key, but thus far unrecognized, role in promoting modest innovation. In particular, there are views of pharmaceutical innovation and patent policy that have been broadly accepted amongst not only the industry, but by policy makers and some scholars that are not soundly supported. These views, referred to as “schemas,” are perpetuated because of well-established cognitive biases explained in the Article. Recognizing these schemas is critical because scholars and policy makers are vulnerable to accept these mistaken assumptions as fact, and create and recommend misguided policies. Although these schemas revealed here are broadly consistent with cognitive science studies, this is the first Article to not only document schemas in the realm of pharmaceutical innovation, but also show how they are perpetuated despite contrary evidence. After revealing these schemas, this Article proposes concrete steps to counteract them, including possible steps to modify patent policy in light of this new understanding. 000042071 525__ $$aPublished in : San Diego Law Review 419 (2014) 000042071 650_0 $$aPatent 000042071 650_0 $$aDrug 000042071 650_0 $$aPharmaceutical 000042071 650_0 $$aInnovation 000042071 650_0 $$aCognitive bias 000042071 650_0 $$aDrug development 000042071 85641 $$uhttps://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2318820$$yView this resource 000042071 904__ $$aJournal article 000042071 980__ $$aBIB