@article{41866,
      note = {This resource was extracted from the Directory of Open  Access Journals (DOAJ)},
      author = {Dobrzanski, Pawel and Bobowski, Sebastian},
      url = {http://tind.wipo.int/record/41866},
      title = {The Efficiency of R&D Expenditures in ASEAN Countries},
      abstract = {The aim of this study is to determine whether funds spent  on research and development are used efficiently in  Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries.  Fifteen countries in the 2000-2016 period have been  examined. Measuring the efficiency of research and  development spending was performed using the non-parametric  Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, which allows  for the assessment of input–output efficiency. The  research includes the following input and output variables:  annual public and private spending on innovation,  high-technology exports as a percentage of manufactured  exports, patent applications to the World Intellectual  Property Organisation (WIPO) by priority year for million  inhabitants, trademark applications (TA) for million  inhabitants and information and communications technology  (ICT) exports as a percentage of manufactured exports. Hong  Kong and the Philippines are perhaps the most efficient  with respect to research and development (R&D) when  analysed using the constant return to scale (CRS) approach.  However, according to the variable return to scale (VRS)  approach, the most efficient ASEAN countries are Hong Kong,  Indonesia, Singapore and the Philippines. The study also  confirms that increased spending on innovation is resulting  in non-proportional effects.},
      recid = {41866},
      pages = {26 pages},
}