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\def\WIPO{World Intellectual Property Organisation}
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Food Security, Biological Diversity and Intellectual Property Rights.
2009
Details
Title
Food Security, Biological Diversity and Intellectual Property Rights.
Item Type
Book
Description
1 online resource (329 pages).
ISBN
9780754698333 electronic book
Summary
This volume advances the claim that the FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) adopted in 2001 is the only existing international agreement with the potential to promote food security, conservation of biodiversity and equity. However, for germplasm-rich countries, national interests come into conflict with the global interest. This work shows that the pursuit of national interests is counterproductive when it comes to maintaining genetic resources, food-security and rent-seeking and that optimally, the coverage of the FAO Treaty should be widened to apply to all crops.
Note
Description based upon print version of record.
This volume advances the claim that the FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) adopted in 2001 is the only existing international agreement with the potential to promote food security, conservation of biodiversity and equity. However, for germplasm-rich countries, national interests come into conflict with the global interest. This work shows that the pursuit of national interests is counterproductive when it comes to maintaining genetic resources, food-security and rent-seeking and that optimally, the coverage of the FAO Treaty should be widened to apply to all crops.
This volume advances the claim that the FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) adopted in 2001 is the only existing international agreement with the potential to promote food security, conservation of biodiversity and equity. However, for germplasm-rich countries, national interests come into conflict with the global interest. This work shows that the pursuit of national interests is counterproductive when it comes to maintaining genetic resources, food-security and rent-seeking and that optimally, the coverage of the FAO Treaty should be widened to apply to all crops.
Formatted Contents Note
Cover
Contents
List of Tables
List of Cases
List of Acronyms
Acknowledgements
PART I Crop Improvement and the Challenge of Food Security, Conservation and Equity
1 Introduction
Background to the Adoption of the FAO International Treaty
The Shift in the FAO Approach to the Status of Plant Genetic Resources
Broad Political Farmers' Rights and Plant Genetic Resources as a 'Common Heritage of Mankind
Affirmation of the Principle of National Sovereignty over Plant Genetic Resources
Private Rights or Genetic Commons?.
2 Crop Improvement:The Science, the Business and the Law
Different Types of Plants and Breeding Techniques
Typology of Plants
Traditional Breeding Methods
From the Creation of Hybrids to the Green Revolution
Appraisal of the Green Revolution
Biotechnologies in Agriculture
The New Context of Research in Agriculture
A Limited Interest for Horticultural Research
Shift from the Public to the Private Sector
Movements of Concentration between Firms
Impact on the Public Sector
An Ever-rising Interest in Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).
History of the UPOV Convention
Patentability of Plant Varieties
Impact of IPRs in Industrial Countries
Problems of Freedom to Operate in Developing Countries
Food Safety as a Constraint to Biotechnologies
Concluding Remarks
3 Conciliating Food Security and Conservation
Food Security Factors
The Different Approaches to Hunger
The Impact of Food Aid
Food Supply: Farmers' Contribution
The Challenge of Conservation
Genetic Erosion: Myth or Reality?
Valuing Genetic Resources
Conservation and Biosafety
Concluding Remarks
4 Equity.
Commons, Commodification and Bargaining Powers
Commons and Commodification
Commons and Collective Action
Bargaining Powers
Access to Genetic Resources and to Technologies: The CBD Approach
Access and Benefit-sharing Issues: Financial Aspects
Access and Benefit-sharing Issues: Legal Aspects
Disclosure of Origin of Genetic Material and Traditional Knowledge
Technology Transfers
The Group of Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries
The Impact of the Negotiations within the World Trade Organization
The Impact of the Ongoing Agriculture Negotiations.
Broadening the Scope of the Initial Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights
An Ambiguous Reference to an Effective Sui Generis System for the Protection of Plant Varieties
Concluding Remarks
PART II The Fao International Treaty - A Necessary One?
5 The FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources: How Will the Multilateral System Work?
History of the Negotiations of the FAO IT
From November 1993 to June 1998: The Initial Mandate
From June 1998 to November 2000
On the Brink of Collapse: The year 2001
Coverage of the FAO Treaty
Farmers' Rights.
Different Treatments for Different Categories of Plant Genetic Resources.
Contents
List of Tables
List of Cases
List of Acronyms
Acknowledgements
PART I Crop Improvement and the Challenge of Food Security, Conservation and Equity
1 Introduction
Background to the Adoption of the FAO International Treaty
The Shift in the FAO Approach to the Status of Plant Genetic Resources
Broad Political Farmers' Rights and Plant Genetic Resources as a 'Common Heritage of Mankind
Affirmation of the Principle of National Sovereignty over Plant Genetic Resources
Private Rights or Genetic Commons?.
2 Crop Improvement:The Science, the Business and the Law
Different Types of Plants and Breeding Techniques
Typology of Plants
Traditional Breeding Methods
From the Creation of Hybrids to the Green Revolution
Appraisal of the Green Revolution
Biotechnologies in Agriculture
The New Context of Research in Agriculture
A Limited Interest for Horticultural Research
Shift from the Public to the Private Sector
Movements of Concentration between Firms
Impact on the Public Sector
An Ever-rising Interest in Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).
History of the UPOV Convention
Patentability of Plant Varieties
Impact of IPRs in Industrial Countries
Problems of Freedom to Operate in Developing Countries
Food Safety as a Constraint to Biotechnologies
Concluding Remarks
3 Conciliating Food Security and Conservation
Food Security Factors
The Different Approaches to Hunger
The Impact of Food Aid
Food Supply: Farmers' Contribution
The Challenge of Conservation
Genetic Erosion: Myth or Reality?
Valuing Genetic Resources
Conservation and Biosafety
Concluding Remarks
4 Equity.
Commons, Commodification and Bargaining Powers
Commons and Commodification
Commons and Collective Action
Bargaining Powers
Access to Genetic Resources and to Technologies: The CBD Approach
Access and Benefit-sharing Issues: Financial Aspects
Access and Benefit-sharing Issues: Legal Aspects
Disclosure of Origin of Genetic Material and Traditional Knowledge
Technology Transfers
The Group of Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries
The Impact of the Negotiations within the World Trade Organization
The Impact of the Ongoing Agriculture Negotiations.
Broadening the Scope of the Initial Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights
An Ambiguous Reference to an Effective Sui Generis System for the Protection of Plant Varieties
Concluding Remarks
PART II The Fao International Treaty - A Necessary One?
5 The FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources: How Will the Multilateral System Work?
History of the Negotiations of the FAO IT
From November 1993 to June 1998: The Initial Mandate
From June 1998 to November 2000
On the Brink of Collapse: The year 2001
Coverage of the FAO Treaty
Farmers' Rights.
Different Treatments for Different Categories of Plant Genetic Resources.
Series
Intellectual Property, Theory, Culture.
Available in Other Form
Print version: Lightbourne, Muriel Food Security, Biological Diversity and Intellectual Property Rights Farnham : Taylor and Francis,c2009
Published
Farnham : Taylor and Francis, 2009.
Language
English
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