I. Introduction; II. The protection of geographical indications in international law; III. Approaches to the protection of geographical indications in national laws; IV. Generics and homonyms; V. Trademarks and geographical indications; VI. The protection of geographical indications in the European Union; VII. Geographical indications in certain EU Member States; VIII. The protection of geographical indications in selected countries; IX. Bilateral and plurilateral agreements on geographical indications; X. Protection of traditional knowledge and geographical indications; XI. Improving WTO protection for geographical indications.