Refusals to license intellectual property : testing the limits of law and economics.

1. Framing the analysis; 2. The uneasy cohabitation of law and economics in competition regimes; 3. Fault lines in competition policy; 4. Intellectual property and competition policy: constructing the interface; 5. Refusals to license in the United States; 6. Europe's exceptional circumstances test; 7. Refusals to license in Australia and New Zealand: parsing the hints and silences; 8. Canada: legislative solutions and regulatory bypasses; 9. Reintegrating law and economics: perfecting the art of the possible.