I. Introduction: Europe is catching up; II. Inventory of 42 antitrust scenarios arising in international arbitration; III. The current reform process: changing regulatory frameworks for the enforcement of articles 81/82 EC and for the merger control under the ECMR; IV. Review of the basic elements of EC merger control; V. Five article 81 (3) EC cases referring to arbitration; VI. 13 Phase I merger review cases where the commission accepted "arbitration" as a remedy; VII. 12 Phase II merger review cases under art. 8 (2) ECMR the commission accepted "arbitration" as a remedy; VIII. Other examples: the new commission regulation no.1400/2002, and a recent decision of the Swiss competition authority; IX. 27 Observations on the 30 reviewed cases; X. Proposals and recommendations.