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000025177 041__ $$aeng
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000025177 1001_ $$aPalombi, Luigi.
000025177 24510 $$aGene Cartels :$$bBiotech Patents in the Age of Free Trade
000025177 264_1 $$aCheltenham, UK :$$bEdward Elgar,$$c2009.
000025177 300__ $$a416 pages ;$$c24 cm
000025177 336__ $$atext$$btxt$$2rdacontent
000025177 337__ $$aunmediated$$bn$$2rdamedia
000025177 338__ $$avolume$$bnc$$2rdacarrier
000025177 504__ $$aIncludes bibliographical references (c. 341-376) and index.
000025177 5050_ $$aForeword -- Preface -- Part I: Monopolies in the Age of Free Trade -- 1. The Early History of Anglo-American Patent Systems -- 2. Patents and their Use in Economic Warfare -- 3. Patent Monopolies versus Free Trade -- 4. The Patent Systems of Continental Europe -- 5. The Internationalization and Harmonization of the Patent Systems Part II: The Patenting of Biological Materials: The Monopolization of Nature -- 6. The Isolation Contrivance -- 7. Anything Under the Sun Made by Man -- 8. The Invention of Nature? -- 9. Gene Wars -- 10. Synthetic Biology and a Time for Reflection -- Bibliography -- Index
000025177 520__ $$aStarting with the 13th century, this book explores how patents have been used as an economic protectionist tool, developing and evolving to the point where thousands of patents have been ultimately granted not over inventions, but over isolated or purified biological materials. DNA, invented by no man and once thought to be ‘free to all men and reserved exclusively to none’, has become cartelised in the hands of multinational corporations. The author questions whether the continuing grant of patents can be justified when they are now used to suppress, rather than promote, research and development in the life sciences.  Luigi Palombi demonstrates that patents are about inventions and not isolated biological materials, which consequently have no bona fide purpose in the innovations of biotechnological science. This book will be important reading for anyone who has an interest in the role that patents have played in economic development – particularly historians, economists and scientists. It will also be of great interest to law academics, lawyers, judges and policymakers.
000025177 650_0 $$aBiotechnology$$vPatents.
000025177 650_0 $$aProtectionism.
000025177 650_0 $$aPatents.
000025177 650_4 $$aEconomic development.
000025177 650_4 $$aPatents
000025177 85641 $$uhttps://www.elgaronline.com/display/9781847208361.xml$$yView eBook
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000025177 955__ $$apc15 2008-12-18
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