@article{23991,
      author = {Kingston, William.,},
      url = {http://tind.wipo.int/record/23991},
      title = {Patents and the Measurement of International  Competitiveness : New Data on the Use of Patents by  Universities, Small Firms and Individual Inventors.},
      abstract = {This highly original book represents a major advance in  the use of patents to compare countries’ technological  competitiveness. It tabulates and analyses 280,000 United  States patents from countries across the world over a ten  year period. Specifically, these patents were granted to  ‘not-for-profit’ entities (mainly universities and  research institutes), firms with no more than 500  employees, or to individual inventors. For each of these  groups, the book provides statistics and discussion on how  long patents are kept in force, the extent to which they  are cited, and how far inventions made in different  countries are in fact owned in the United States.   Inter-country comparisons are provided between groupings of  large and small advanced countries and between the sizeable  number of countries for which patents are only just  beginning to become economically important. The fact that  all these patents have been subjected to the same  examination process facilitates genuine like-for-like  comparisons. Some of the more interesting emergent  international differences in inventions are also explored.  This book will provide a mine of reliable data for  econometric studies of international competitiveness.   Believed to be the first ever measurement of the patentable  output of universities and research institutes worldwide  because it provides the first fully international  comparisons, this book will be invaluable to: patent  offices and attorneys, university technical transfer  offices, national industrial development agencies, as well  as economists with an interest in international trade and  technology.},
      recid = {23991},
      pages = {224 pages :},
}