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000012739 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.34667/tind.12739
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000012739 043__ $$af------
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000012739 24500 $$aPatent protection and access to HIV/AIDS pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa.
000012739 264_1 $$aWashington, DC :$$bInternational Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI),$$c2000.
000012739 300__ $$av, 100 pages ;$$c[28] cm
000012739 336__ $$atext$$btxt$$2rdacontent
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000012739 5050_ $$aAcknowledgements --Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Overview -- 1. HIV/AIDS Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 1.1 The International Response -- 1.2 Focus on Access to Drugs -- 1.3 Change in U.S. and EU Patent Policies -- 1.4 Compulsory Licensing, Parallel Imports and Generic Production -- 2. The International Patent Regime -- 2.2 TRIPS Provisions for Flexibility -- 2.3 Limited Exceptions to Patent Rights -- 2.4 Parallel Importation -- 2.5 Compulsory Licensing -- 2.6 Transition Periods -- 3. The Patent Situation in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 3.1 ARIPO -- 3.2 OAPI -- 3.3 Other Sub-Saharan Africa Countries -- 3.4 Results of Patent Surveys -- 4. Conclusions -- 4.1 The TRIPS Agreement is Not the Problem -- 4.2 Patents are Not the Problem -- 4.3 Financing is the Problem -- 5. Recommendations -- 5.1 Changing Perceptions -- 5.1.1 WIPO should undertake a project to determine, definitively, the patent status of all HIV/AIDS medications in sub-Saharan Africa -- 5.2 TRIPS Implementation – Model Legislation and Training -- 5.3 Enhanced WIPO Collaboration -- 6. Country Profiles -- 7. Definitions and Terminology
000012739 520__ $$aThis report examines the role that patents play in access to pharmaceuticals in the HIV/AIDS crisis of sub-Saharan Africa. The report aims to provide unbiased information about the international patent regime, the current patent status of certain HIV/AIDS drugs in sub-Saharan Africa and opportunities that exist through flexibility in international patent law that may help to improve access to HIV/AIDS drugs in that region. The report concludes that providing state-of-the-art HIV/AIDS therapies to patients in poor countries requires two kinds of subsidies. The first is the indirect subsidy which consumers in developed countries pay in the form of higher prices for patented drugs. The patent incentive in countries such as the United States induces the free market to test and develop new products. Without the patent incentive, life- sustaining AIDS therapies would simply be unavailable even to the wealthiest consumers. The second kind of subsidy is direct funding of the treatment infrastructure and the purchase of drugs for patients in poor countries by the governments of developed countries acting in concert with one another through international programs such as UNAIDS.
000012739 650_0 $$aPatents$$zAfrica.
000012739 650_4 $$aWIPO - TRIPS : RELATIONSHIP
000012739 650_4 $$aPATENTS : PATENTABILITY : PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS : AFRICA
000012739 650_4 $$aPATENT POLICY : US, EU
000012739 650_4 $$aPARALLEL IMPORTS
000012739 650_4 $$aCOMPULSORY LICENSING
000012739 650_4 $$aARIPO
000012739 650_4 $$aOAPI
000012739 651_0 $$aAfrica$$xCommerce$$xLaw and legislation.
000012739 8564_ $$y10.34667/tind.12739$$944630564-455f-43a2-965f-8ddea1a9ce95$$s300657$$uhttps://tind.wipo.int/record/12739/files/wipo-pub-patent-protection-and-access-to-HIV-AIDS-pharmaceuticals-in-sub-saharan-Africa.pdf
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000012739 942__ $$cMON
000012739 952__ $$w2006-11-03$$p2002-0101$$r0.00$$u13853$$bMAIN$$10$$kG 25 PAT$$v2002-02-27$$ztagged$$71
000012739 980__ $$aBIB
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