Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Overview
1. HIV/AIDS Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa
1.1 The International Response
1.2 Focus on Access to Drugs
1.3 Change in U.S. and EU Patent Policies
1.4 Compulsory Licensing, Parallel Imports and Generic Production
2. The International Patent Regime
2.2 TRIPS Provisions for Flexibility
2.3 Limited Exceptions to Patent Rights
2.4 Parallel Importation
2.5 Compulsory Licensing
2.6 Transition Periods
3. The Patent Situation in Sub-Saharan Africa
3.1 ARIPO
3.2 OAPI
3.3 Other Sub-Saharan Africa Countries
3.4 Results of Patent Surveys
4. Conclusions
4.1 The TRIPS Agreement is Not the Problem
4.2 Patents are Not the Problem
4.3 Financing is the Problem
5. Recommendations
5.1 Changing Perceptions
5.1.1 WIPO should undertake a project to determine, definitively, the patent status of all HIV/AIDS medications in sub-Saharan Africa
5.2 TRIPS Implementation – Model Legislation and Training
5.3 Enhanced WIPO Collaboration
6. Country Profiles
7. Definitions and Terminology